- Title
- Bulk commodity characterisation for transportable moisture limit determination
- Creator
- Holmes, Ralph J.; Williams, Kenneth; Honeyands, Tom; Orense, Rolando; Roberts, Alan; Pender, Michael; McCallum, David; Krull, Tobias
- Relation
- . IMPC 2016 - 28th International Mineral Processing Congress (Quebec, Canada 11-15 September, 2016)
- Publisher
- Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum
- Resource Type
- conference paper
- Date
- 2016
- Description
- The safe ocean transport of bulk commodities like iron ore, coal, nickel ore, manganese ore and bauxite by large bulk ships is vitally dependent on the stability of the cargo under the influence of wave induced ship motion. Safety standards are set by such bodies as the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) with recommended tests for the assessment of bulk commodities. Since the 1960s, the bulk cargo code (BC Code) commenced defining methods to determine the Transportable Moisture Limit (TML) for transportation of bulk commodities. By the latter part of the 1960s, three TML test methods were defined, namely the Flow Table, Proctor-Fagerberg and Penetration tests. All three tests were predominantly aimed at determining TML values for mineral concentrates. More recently, bulk commodity producers, Maritime Organisations and Port Authorities worldwide have been investigating whether commodity based TML methods better reflect realistic safe ship transportation than the current concentrate based TML test methods. In these investigations, the relationship between the mineralogical and particulate parameters of specific commodities with respect to cargo stability and moisture retention has provided insights into the development of tailored TML test methods. To this end, an AMIRA International project (P1097) undertaken by CSIRO, TUNRA Bulk Solids, the University of Newcastle and the University of Auckland assisted the IMO Technical Working group to investigate the relationship between iron ore fines characteristics and a new TML test specific for iron ore fines bulk cargoes. A review of the three standard concentrate based TML methods and characterisation studies of iron ore fines, as well as cyclic triaxial testing to determine liquefaction resistance, resulted in the development of a modified Proctor-Fagerberg method for determining the TML of iron ore fines. Of particular importance in determining TML is mineral composition, porosity, particle density and allowing time for moisture equilibration.
- Subject
- transportable moisture limit; Proctor/Fagerberg; bulk cargo stability; iron ore fines
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1476533
- Identifier
- uon:49837
- Identifier
- ISBN:9781926872292
- Language
- eng
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